1. Introduction, basis for the presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, Internal Control over Financial Reporting and other information
2. Principles of consolidation, accounting policies and measurement bases applied and recent IFRS pronouncements

Translation of the Consolidated Financial Statements originally issued in Spanish and prepared in accordance with EU-IFRS, as adopted by the European Union (see Notes 1 to 56). In the event of a discrepancy, the Spanish-language version prevails.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Introduction, basis for the presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, Internal Control over financial information and other information

1.1 Introduction

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. (hereinafter “the Bank” or “BBVA") is a private-law entity subject to the laws and regulations governing banking entities operating in Spain. It carries out its activity through branches and agencies across the country and abroad.

The Bylaws and other public information are available for inspection at the Bank’s registered address (Plaza San Nicolás, 4 Bilbao) as noted on its web site (www.bbva.com).

In addition to the activities it carries out directly, the Bank heads a group of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates which perform a wide range of activities and which together with the Bank constitute the Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Group (hereinafter, the “Group” or the “BBVA Group”). In addition to its own separate financial statements, the Bank is required to prepare Consolidated Financial Statements comprising all consolidated subsidiaries of the Group.

As of December 31, 2019, the BBVA Group had 288 consolidated entities and 54 entities accounted for using the equity method (see Notes 3 and 16 and Appendix I to V).

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the BBVA Group for the year ended December 31, 2018 were approved by the shareholders at the Annual General Meetings (“AGM”) held on March 15, 2019.

BBVA Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the Financial Statements for the Bank and the majority of the remaining entities within the Group have been prepared as of December 31, 2019, and are pending approval by their respective AGMs. Notwithstanding, the Board of Directors of the Bank understands that said financial statements will be approved without changes.

1.2 Basis for the presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements

The BBVA Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in compliance with IFRS-IASB (International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board), as well as in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards endorsed by the European Union (hereinafter, “EU-IFRS”) applicable as of December 31, 2019, considering the Bank of Spain Circular 4/2017, and with any other legislation governing financial reporting applicable to the Group in Spain (see Note 1.3).

The BBVA Group’s accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 were prepared by the Group’s Directors (through the Board of Directors meeting held on February 10, 2020) by applying the principles of consolidation, accounting policies and valuation criteria described in Note 2, so that they present fairly the Group’s total consolidated equity and financial position as of December 31, 2019, together with the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows generated during the year ended December 31, 2019.

These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared on the basis of the accounting records kept by the Bank and each of the other entities in the Group. Moreover, they include the adjustments and reclassifications required to harmonize the accounting policies and valuation criteria used by the Group (see Note 2.2).

All effective accounting standards and valuation criteria with a significant effect in the Consolidated Financial Statements were applied in their preparation.

The amounts reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in millions of euros, unless it is more appropriate to use smaller units. Some items that appear without a balance in these Consolidated Financial Statements are due to how the units are expressed. Also, in presenting amounts in millions of euros, the accounting balances have been rounded up or down. It is therefore possible that the totals appearing in some tables are not the exact arithmetical sum of their component figures.

The percentage changes in amounts have been calculated using figures expressed in thousands of euros.

1.3 Comparative information

The information included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relating to the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, in accordance to the applicable regulation, is presented for the purpose of comparison with the information for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Leases

As of January 1, 2019, IFRS 16 “Leases” replaced IAS 17 “Leases” and includes changes in the lessee accounting model (see Note 2.2.19). This amendment was applied using the modified retrospective method and the previous years have not been restated for comparison purposes as allowed by the standard (see Note 2.3).

Income taxes

As mentioned in Note 2.3 and derived from the Annual improvements cycle to IFRSs 2015-2017, the amendment to IAS 12 – “Income Taxes” requires that the tax impacts of the distribution of dividends should be recorded under "Tax expense or income related to profit or loss from continuing operations" in the consolidated income statement for the year. Previously they were recorded under total equity.

In order for the information to be comparable, the information for the years 2018 and 2017 has been restated, recognizing a €76 million profit and a €5 million loss in the consolidated financial statements for such years, respectively, under “Retained earnings“ and “Less: Interim dividends”. This has meant an increase of 1.4% and a decrease of 0.1% in the “Profit or loss attributable to owners of the parent” for the years 2018 and 2017, respectively with respect to amounts previously presented in the consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. This reclassification has had no impact on the consolidated total equity.

Operating segments

During 2019, there have been changes to the BBVA Group business segments in comparison to the segment structure in 2018 (See Note 6). The information related to business segments as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 has been restated in order to make them comparable, as required by IFRS 8 “Information by business segments”.

Hyperinflationary economies

In 2018, the information as of December 31, 2017 was restated for comparative purposes taking into account the change in accounting policies for hyperinflationary economies in accordance with IAS 29 "Financial information in hyperinflationary economies" (see Note 2.2.20).

Application of IFRS 9

As of January 1, 2018, IFRS 9 “Financial instruments” replaced IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” and included changes in the requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities, the impairment of financial assets and hedge accounting (see Note 2.2.1). As permitted by the standard, IFRS 9 was not applied retrospectively for previous years. As a consequence of the application of IFRS 9, the comparative information for the financial year 2017 included in these Consolidated Financial Statements was subject to some non-significant modifications in order to improve the comparability.

1.4 Seasonal nature of income and expense

The nature of the most significant activities carried out by the BBVA Group’s entities is mainly related to typical activities carried out by financial institutions, and are not significantly affected by seasonal factors within the same year.

1.5 Responsibility for the information and for the estimates made

The information contained in the BBVA Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements is the responsibility of the Group’s Directors.

Estimates were required to be made at times when preparing these Consolidated Financial Statements in order to calculate the recorded or disclosed amount of some assets, liabilities, income, expense and commitments. These estimates relate mainly to the following:

Loss allowances on certain financial assets (see Notes 7, 12, 13, 14 and 16).
The assumptions used to quantify certain provisions (see Note 24) and for the actuarial calculation of post-employment benefit liabilities and commitments (see Note 25).
The useful life and impairment losses of tangible and intangible assets (see Notes 17, 18, 20 and 21).
The valuation of goodwill and price allocation of business combinations (see Note 18).
The fair value of certain unlisted financial assets and liabilities (see Notes 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13).
The recoverability of deferred tax assets (see Note 19).

Although these estimates were made on the basis of the best information available as of the end of the reporting period, future events may make it necessary to modify them (either up or down) over the coming years. This would be done prospectively in accordance with applicable standards, recognizing the effects of changes in the estimates in the corresponding consolidated income statement.

During 2019 there were no significant changes to the assumptions and estimations performed as of December 31, 2018, except as indicated in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

1.6 BBVA Group's Internal Control over Financial Reporting

BBVA Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared under an Internal Control over Financial Reporting Model (hereinafter “ICFR"). It provides reasonable assurance with respect to the reliability and the integrity of the consolidated financial statements. It is also aimed to ensure that the transactions are processed in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.

The ICFR is in accordance with the control framework established in 2013 by the “Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission” (hereinafter, "COSO"). The COSO 2013 framework sets five components that constitute the basis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the internal control systems:

The establishment of an appropriate control framework.
The assessment of the risks that could arise during the preparation of the financial information.
The design of the necessary controls to mitigate the identified risks.
The establishment of an appropriate system of information to detect and report system weaknesses.
The monitoring activities over the controls to ensure they perform correctly and are effective over time.

The ICFR is a dynamic model that evolves continuously over time to reflect the reality of the BBVA Group’s businesses and processes, as well as the risks and controls designed to mitigate them. It is subject to a continuous evaluation by the internal control units located in the different entities of BBVA Group.

These internal control units are integrated within the BBVA internal control model which is based in two pillars:

A control system organized into three lines of defense that has been updated and strengthened in 2019 :

The first line of defense (1LoD) is located within the business and support units, which are responsible for identifying risks associated with their processes, as well as for implementing and executing the necessary controls to mitigate them. In 2019, in order to reinforce the adequate risk management in each areas processes, the role of the Risk Control Assurer was created.
The second line of defense (2LoD) comprises the specialized control units for each type of risk (Legal, IT, Third Party, Finance, Compliance or Processes among others). This second line defines the mitigation and control frameworks for their areas of responsibility across the entire organization and performs challenge to the control model (supervises the implementation and design of the controls and assesses their effectiveness).
The third line of defense (3LoD) is the Internal Audit unit, which conducts an independent review of the model, verifying the compliance and effectiveness of the model.

A committee structure, called Corporate Assurance, which enables the escalation of possible weaknesses and internal control issues to the management at a Group level and also in each of the countries where the Group operates.

The internal control units within Finance comply with a common and standard methodology established at the Group level, as set out in the following diagram:

BBVA's INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The ICFR Model is subject to annual evaluations by the Group’s Internal Audit Unit. It is also supervised by the Audit Committee of the Bank’s Board of Directors.

The BBVA Group is also required to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (hereafter “SOX”) for Consolidated Financial Statements as a listed company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The main senior executives of the Group are involved in the design, compliance and implementation of the internal control model to make it effective and to ensure the quality and accuracy of the financial information.

The description of the ICFR is included in the Corporate Governance Annual Report within the Management Report attached to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019.

2. Principles of consolidation, accounting policies and measurement bases applied and recent IFRS pronouncements

The Glossary includes the definition of some of the financial and economic terms used in Note 2 and subsequent Notes of the accompanying consolidated Financial Statements.

2.1 Principles of consolidation

In terms of its consolidation, in accordance with the criteria established by IFRS, the BBVA Group is made up of four types of entities: subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and structured entities, defined as follows:

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group (for definition of control, see Glossary). The financial statements of the subsidiaries are fully consolidated with those of the Bank. The share of non-controlling interests from subsidiaries in the Group’s consolidated total equity is presented under the heading “Minority interests (Non-controlling interests)” in the consolidated balance sheet. Their share in the profit or loss for the period or year is presented under the heading “Attributable to minority interest (non-controlling interests)” in the accompanying consolidated income statement (see Note 31).
Note 3 includes information related to the main subsidiaries in the Group as of December 31, 2019. Appendix I includes other significant information on all entities.

Joint ventures

Joint ventures are those entities for which there is a joint arrangement to joint control with third parties other than the Group (for definitions of joint arrangement, joint control and joint venture, refer to Glossary).
The investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method (see Note 16). Appendix II shows the main figures for joint ventures accounted for using the equity method as of December 31, 2019.

Associates

Associates are entities in which the Group is able to exercise significant influence (for definition of significant influence, see Glossary). Significant influence is deemed to exist when the Group owns 20% or more of the voting rights of an investee directly or indirectly, unless it can be clearly demonstrated that this is not the case.
However, certain entities in which the Group owns 20% or more of the voting rights are not included as Group associates, since the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over these entities. Investments in these entities, which do not represent material amounts for the Group, are classified as “Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income” or “Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss”.
In contrast, some investments in entities in which the Group holds less than 20% of the voting rights are accounted for as Group associates, as the Group is considered to have the ability to exercise significant influence over these entities. As of December 31, 2019, these entities are not significant to the Group.
Appendix II shows the most significant information related to the associates (see Note 16), which are accounted for using the equity method.

Structured Entities

A structured entity is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when the voting rights relate to administrative matters only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements (see Glossary).
In those cases where the Group sets up entities or has a holding in such entities, in order to allow its customers access to certain investments, to transfer risks or for other purposes, in accordance with internal criteria and procedures and with applicable regulations, the Group determines whether control over the entity in question actually exists and therefore whether it should be subject to consolidation.
Such methods and procedures determine whether there is control by the Group, considering how the decisions are made about the relevant activities, assessing whether the Group has control over the relevant elements, exposure to variable returns from involvement with the investee and the ability to use control over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns.

Structured entities subject to consolidation

To determine if a structured entity is controlled by the Group, and therefore should be consolidated into the Group, the existing contractual rights (different from the voting rights) are analyzed. For this reason, an analysis of the structure and purpose of each investee is performed and, among others, the following factors will be considered:

- Evidence of the current ability to manage the relevant activities of the investee according to the specific business needs including any decisions that may arise only in particular circumstances).
- Potential existence of a special relationship with the investee.
- Implicit or explicit Group commitments to support the investee.
- The ability to use the Group´s power over the investee to affect the amount of the Group’s returns.

This type of entities include cases where the Group has a high exposure to variable returns and retains decision-making power over the investee, either directly or through an agent.
The main structured entities of the Group are the asset securitization funds, to which the BBVA Group transfers loans and receivables portfolios, and other vehicles, which allow the Group’s customers to gain access to certain investments or to allow for the transfer of risks or for other purposes (see Appendices I and V). The BBVA Group maintains the decision-making power over the relevant activities of these vehicles and financial support through securitized market standard contracts. The most common ones are: investment positions in equity note tranches, funding through subordinated debt, credit enhancements through derivative instruments or liquidity lines, management rights of defaulted securitized assets, “clean-up” call derivatives, and asset repurchase clauses by the grantor.
For these reasons, the loans and receivable portfolios related to the vast majority of the securitizations carried out by the Bank or Group subsidiaries are not derecognized in the books of said entity and the issuances of the related debt securities are recorded as liabilities within the Group’s consolidated balance sheet.
For additional information on the accounting treatment for the transfer and derecognition of financial instruments, see Note 2.2.2. “Transfers and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities”.

Non-consolidated structured entities

The Group owns other vehicles also for the purpose of allowing customers access to certain investments, to transfer risks, and for other purposes, but without the Group having control of the vehicles, which are not consolidated in accordance with IFRS 10 – “Consolidated Financial Statements”. The balance of assets and liabilities of these vehicles is not material in relation to the Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2019, there was no material financial support from the Bank or its subsidiaries to unconsolidated structured entities.
The Group does not consolidate any of the mutual funds it manages since the necessary control conditions are not met. Particularly, the BBVA Group does not act as arranger but as agent since it operates the mutual funds on behalf and for the benefit of investors or parties (arranger or arrangers) and, for this reason it does not control the mutual funds when exercising its authority for decision making.
The mutual funds managed by the Group are not considered structured entities (generally, retail funds without corporate identity over which investors have participations which gives them ownership of said managed equity). These funds are not dependent on a capital structure that could prevent them from carrying out activities without additional financial support, being in any case insufficient as far as the activities themselves are concerned. Additionally, the risk of the investment is absorbed by the fund participants, and the Group is only exposed when it becomes a participant, and as such, there is no other risk for the Group.

In all cases, the operating results of equity method investees acquired by the BBVA Group in a particular period only include the period from the date of acquisition to the financial statements date. Similarly, the results of entities disposed of during any year only include the period from the start of the year to the date of disposal.

The consolidated financial statements of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Group have the same presentation date as the Consolidated Financial Statements. If financial statements at those same dates are not available, the most recent will be used, as long as these are not older than three months, and adjusted to take into account the most significant transactions. As of December 31, 2019, financial statements as of December 31 of all Group entities were utilized except for the case of the consolidated financial statements of 6 associates deemed non-significant for which financial statements as of November 30, 2019 were used for 5 of them and the financial statements as of October 31, 2019 were used for 1 of them.

Separate financial statements

The separate financial statements of the parent company of the Group are prepared under Spanish regulations (Circular 4/2017 of the Bank of Spain, and following other regulatory requirements of financial information applicable to the Bank). The Bank uses the cost method to account in its separate financial statements for its investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture entities, which are consistent with the requirements of Bank of Spain Circular 4/2017 and IAS 27 “Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements”.

Appendix IX shows BBVA’s financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

2.2 Accounting policies and valuation criteria applied

The accounting standards and policies and the valuation criteria applied in preparing these Consolidated Financial Statements may differ from those used by some of the entities within the BBVA Group. For this reason, necessary adjustments and reclassifications have been made in the consolidation process to standardize these principles and criteria and comply with the EU-IFRS.

The accounting standards and policies and valuation criteria used in preparing the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are as follows:

2.2.1 Financial instruments

IFRS 9 became effective as of January 1, 2018 and replaced IAS 39 regarding the classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, the impairment of financial assets and hedge accounting. Actually, the Group has elected for continuing the application of IAS 39 for hedge accounting, as permitted by IFRS 9. The disclosures for the financial year 2017 related to the measurement of financial assets and liabilities, the definition of impaired financial assets, and the method for calculating the impairment on financial assets, which are presented for the purpose of comparability, are based on the accounting policies and valuation criteria applicable under IAS 39.

The main aspects regarding IAS 39, applicable until December 31, 2017, are as follows:

Measurement of financial instruments

IAS 39 established the following three categories for the recognition of financial assets, not applicable under IFRS 9, valued as follows:

“Available-for-sale financial assets”: Assets recognized under this heading were measured at their fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value (gains or losses) were recognized temporarily net of tax effect, under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income- Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss -Available-for-sale financial assets”.
“Loans and receivables” and “Held-to-maturity investments”: Assets and liabilities recognized under these headings were subsequently measured at “amortized cost” using the “effective interest rate” method. This was because the consolidated entities generally intend to hold such financial instruments to maturity.
Equity instruments whose fair value could not be determined in a sufficiently objective manner and financial derivatives that have those instruments as their underlying asset and are settled by delivery of those instruments were recorded at acquisition cost; adjusted, where appropriate, for any impairment loss.

Impairment losses on financial assets

The method for calculating the impairment of financial assets under IAS 39 was based on incurred losses; impairment losses were recognized only if there was objective evidence of impairment. In other words, an event of a loss had to occur after initial recognition, so that the impairment loss could have been recognized.

First, the Group would determine whether there was objective evidence of impairment individually for individually significant debt instruments, and collectively for debt instruments that were not individually significant. If the Group determined that there was no objective evidence of impairment, the assets were classified in groups of debt instruments based on similar risk characteristics and impairment was assessed collectively.

The impairment on financial assets was determined by type of instrument and other circumstances that could have affected it, taking into account the guarantees received to assure (in part or in full) the performance of the financial assets.

The information used under such model was past information, adjusted in order to reflect the effect of the conditions in such reporting period, which did not affect the period matching past information, and avoid the effect of the conditions that did not exist. The model did not allow the use of prospective information.

In the case of equity instruments classified as available for sale, valued at fair value, when there was objective evidence that the negative differences that arose on measurement of these equity instruments were due to impairment, they were no longer registered as “Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Available-for-sale financial assets” and were recognized in the consolidated income statement. In general, the Group considered that there was objective evidence of impairment on equity instruments classified as available-for-sale when significant unrealized losses had existed over a sustained period of time due to a price reduction of at least 40% or over a period of more than 18 months. When applying this evidence of impairment, the Group took into account the volatility in the price of each individual equity instrument to determine whether it was a percentage that could be recovered through its sale in the market; other different thresholds could have existed for certain equity instruments or specific sectors. In addition, for individually significant investments, the Group compared the valuation of the most significant equity instruments against valuations performed by independent experts.

Classification and measurement of financial assets

Classification of financial assets

IFRS 9 contains three main categories for financial assets classification: measured at amortized cost, measured at fair value with changes through other comprehensive income, and measured at fair value through profit or loss.

The classification of financial assets measured at amortized cost or fair value must be carried out on the basis of two tests: the entity's business model and the assessment of the contractual cash flow, commonly known as the "solely payments of principle and interest" criterion (hereinafter, the SPPI).

A debt instrument will be classified in the amortized cost portfolio if the two following conditions are fulfilled:

The financial asset is managed within a business model whose purpose is to maintain the financial assets to maturity, to receive contractual cash flows; and
In accordance with the contractual characteristics of the instrument its cash flows only represent the return of the principal and interest, basically understood as consideration for the time value of money and the debtor's credit risk.

A debt instrument will be classified in the portfolio of financial assets at fair value with changes through other comprehensive income if the two following conditions are fulfilled:

The financial asset is managed with a business model whose purpose combines collection of the contractual cash flows and sale of the assets, and
The contractual characteristics of the instrument generate cash flows which only represent the return of the principal and interest.

A debt instrument will be classified at fair value with changes in profit and loss provided that the entity's business model for their management or the contractual characteristics of its cash flows do not require classification into one of the portfolios described above.

In general, equity instruments will be measured at fair value through profit or loss. However the Group may make an irrevocable election, at initial recognition to present subsequent changes in the fair value through “other comprehensive income”.

Financial assets will only be reclassified when BBVA Group decides to change the business model. In this case, all of the financial assets assigned to this business model will be reclassified. The change of the objective of the business model should occur before the date of the reclassification.

Measurement of financial assets

All financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value, plus, those transaction costs which are directly attributable to the issue of the particular instrument, for those cases in which financial assets are not classified at fair value through profit or loss.

Excluding all derivatives not considered as accounting or economic hedges, all the changes in the fair value of the financial instruments arising from the accrual of interest and similar items are recognized under the headings “Interest and other income” or “Interest expense”, as appropriate, in the accompanying consolidated income statement in the period in which the change occurred (see Note 37).

The changes in fair value after the initial recognition, for reasons other than those mentioned in the preceding paragraph, are treated as described below, according to the categories of financial assets.

“Financial assets held for trading”, “Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit and loss” and “Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss”

Financial assets are recorded under the heading “Financial assets held for trading” if the objective of the business model is to generate gains by buying and selling these financial instruments or generate short-term results. The financial assets recorded in the heading “Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit and loss” are assigned to a business model which objective is to obtain the contractual cash flows and / or to sell those instruments but its contractual cash flows do not comply with the requirements of the SPPI test. Financial assets are classified in “Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss” only if it eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency (an ‘accounting mismatch’) that would otherwise arise from measuring financial assets or financial liabilities, or recognizing gains or losses on them, on different bases.

The assets recognized under these headings of the consolidated balance sheet are measured upon acquisition at fair value and changes in the fair value (gains or losses) are recognized as their net value under the headings “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities held for trading, net”, “Gains (losses) on non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit and loss, net” and “Gains (losses) on financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss, net” in the accompanying consolidated income statement (see Note 41). Changes in fair value resulting from variations in foreign exchange rates are recognized under the heading Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities, net in the accompanying consolidated income statements (Note 41).

”Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income”

Debt instruments

Assets recognized under this heading in the consolidated balance sheets are measured at their fair value. This category of valuation implies the recognition of the information in the income statement as if it were an instrument valued at amortized cost, while the instrument is valued at fair value in the balance sheet. Thus, both the interests of these instruments and the exchange differences and impairment that arise in their case are recorded in the profit and loss account, while subsequent changes in its fair value (gains or losses) are recognized temporarily (by the amount net of tax effect) under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income- Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Fair value changes of debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income” in the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 30).

The amounts recognized under the headings “Accumulated other comprehensive income- Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Fair value changes of financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income” continue to form part of the Group's consolidated equity until the corresponding asset is derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet or until a loss allowance is recognized on the corresponding financial instrument. If these assets are sold, these amounts are derecognized and included under the headings “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities, net” (see Note 41).

The net loss allowances in “Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income” over the year are recognized under the heading “Loss allowances on financial assets, net – Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income” (see Note 47) in the consolidated income statement for that period.

Interests of these instruments are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss account (see Note 37). Changes in foreign exchange rates are recognized under the heading “Exchange differences, net" in the accompanying consolidated income statements (see Note 41).

Equity instruments

The BBVA Group, at the time of the initial recognition, may elect to present changes in the fair value in other comprehensive income of an investment in an equity instrument that is not held for trading. The election is irrevocable and can be made on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Subsequent changes in fair value (gains or losses) are recognized under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) – Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss – Fair value changes of equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income”.

“Financial assets at amortized cost”

The assets under this category are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Net loss allowances of assets recorded under these headings arising in each period are recognized under the heading “Impairment or reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss – financial assets measured at cost” (see Note 47) in the consolidated income statement for that period.

Classification and measurement of financial liabilities

Classification of financial liabilities

Under IFRS 9, financial liabilities are classified in the following categories:

Financial liabilities at amortized cost;
Financial liabilities that are held for trading, including derivatives, are financial instruments which are recorded in this category when the Group’s objective is to generate gains by buying and selling these financial instruments;
Financial liabilities that are designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition under the Fair Value Option. The Group has the option to designate irrevocably, on the initial moment of recognition, a financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss provided that doing so results in the elimination or significant reduction of measurement or recognition inconsistency, or if a group of financial liabilities, or a group of financial assets and financial liabilities, has to be managed, and its performance evaluated, on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Measurement of financial liabilities

All financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value except for those transaction costs which are directly attributable to the issue of the particular financial liability, for those cases in which financial liabilities are not classified at fair value through profit or loss.

Excluding all trading derivatives not considered as accounting or economic hedges, all the changes in the fair value of the financial instruments arising from the accrual of interest and similar items are recognized under the headings “Interest and other income” or “Interest expense”, as appropriate, in the accompanying consolidated income statement in the period in which the change occurred (see Note 37).

“Financial liabilities held for trading” and “Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss“

The subsequent changes in the fair value (gains or losses) of the liabilities recognized under these headings of the consolidated balance sheets are recognized as their net value under the headings “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities held for trading, net” and “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss, net” in the accompanying consolidated income statements (see Note 41), except for the financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit and loss under the fair value option for which the amount of change in the fair value that is attributable to changes in the own credit risk which is presented in under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) – Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss – Fair value changes of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss attributable to changes in their credit risk”. However, changes in fair value resulting from variations in foreign exchange rates are recognized under the heading Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities, net in the accompanying consolidated income statements (Note 41).

“Financial liabilities at amortized cost”

The liabilities under this category are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the “effective interest rate” method.

“Derivatives-Hedge Accounting” and “Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest-rate risk”

Assets and liabilities recognized under these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are measured at fair value.

Changes occurring subsequent to the designation of the hedging relationship in the measurement of financial instruments designated as hedged items as well as financial instruments designated as hedge accounting instruments are recognized as follows:

In fair value hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized under the heading “Gains (losses) from hedge accounting, net” in the consolidated income statement, with a corresponding offset under the headings where hedging items ("Hedging derivatives") and the hedged items are recognized, as applicable, except for interest-rate risks hedges (which are almost all of the hedges used by the Group), for which the valuation changes are recognized under the headings “Interest and other income” or “Interest expense”, as appropriate, in the accompanying consolidated income statement (see Note 37).
In fair value hedges of interest rate risk of a portfolio of financial instruments (portfolio-hedges), the gains or losses that arise in the measurement of the hedging instrument are recognized in the consolidated income statement, with counterpart on the headings “Derivatives-Hedge Accounting” and the gains or losses that arise from the change in the fair value of the hedged item (attributable to the hedged risk) are also recognized in the consolidated income statement (in both cases under the heading “Gains (losses) from hedge accounting, net”, using, as a balancing item, the headings "Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest rate risk" in the consolidated balance sheets, as applicable).
In cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the hedging instruments relating to the effective portion are recognized temporarily under the heading ”Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Hedging derivatives. Cash flow hedges” in the consolidated balance sheets, with a balancing entry under the heading “Hedging derivatives” of the Assets or Liabilities of the consolidated balance sheets as applicable. These differences are recognized under the headings “Interest and other income” or “Interest expense” at the time when the gain or loss in the hedged instrument affects profit or loss, when the forecast transaction is executed or at the maturity date of the hedged item (see Note 37).
Differences in the measurement of the hedging items corresponding to the ineffective portions of cash flow hedges are recognized directly in the heading “Gains (losses) from hedge accounting, net” in the consolidated income statement (see Note 41).
In the hedges of net investments in foreign operations, the differences attributable to the effective portions of hedging items are recognized temporarily under the heading "Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss – Hedging of net investments in foreign transactions" in the consolidated balance sheets with a balancing entry under the heading “Hedging derivatives” of the Assets or Liabilities of the consolidated balance sheets as applicable. These differences in valuation are recognized under the heading “Exchange differences, net" in the consolidated income statement when the investment in a foreign operation is disposed of or derecognized (see Note 41).

Loss allowances on financial assets

Definition of impaired financial assets

The impairment model is applied to financial assets valued at amortized cost and to financial assets valued at fair value with changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, except for investments in equity instruments and contracts for financial guarantees and loan commitments unilaterally revocable by BBVA. Likewise, all the financial instruments valued at fair value with change through profit and loss are excluded from the impairment model.

The standard classifies financial instruments into three categories, which depend on the evolution of their credit risk from the moment of initial recognition. The first category includes the transactions when they are initially recognized (Stage 1); the second comprises the financial assets for which a significant increase in credit risk has been identified since its initial recognition (Stage 2) and the third one, the impaired financial assets (Stage 3).

The calculation of the provisions for credit risk in each of these three categories must be done differently. In this way, expected loss up to 12 months for the financial assets classified in the first of the aforementioned categories must be recorded, while expected losses estimated for the remaining life of the financial assets classified in the other two categories must be recorded. Thus, IFRS 9 differentiates between the following concepts of expected loss:

Expected loss at 12 months: expected credit loss that arises from possible default events within 12 months following the presentation date of the financial statements; and
Expected loss during the life of the transaction: this is the expected credit loss that arises from all possible default events over the remaining life of the financial instrument.

All this requires considerable judgment, both in the modeling for the estimation of the expected losses and in the forecasts, on how the economic factors affect such losses, which must be carried out on a weighted probability basis.

The BBVA Group has applied the following definitions:

Default

BBVA has applied a definition of default for financial instruments that is consistent with that used in internal credit risk management, as well as the indicators under applicable regulation. Both qualitative and quantitative indicators have been considered.
The Group has considered there is a default when one of the following situations occurs:

Payment past-due for more than 90 days; or
There are reasonable doubts regarding the full reimbursement of the instrument.

In accordance with IFRS 9, the 90-day past-due stipulation may be waived in cases where the entity considers it appropriate, based on reasonable and documented information that it is appropriate to use a longer term. As of December 31, 2019, the Group has not considered periods higher than 90 days for any of the significant portfolios.

Credit impaired asset

An asset is credit-impaired according to IFRS 9 if one or more events have occurred and they have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the asset. Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes observable data about the following events:

Significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower.
A breach of contract (e.g. a default or past due event).
A lender having granted a concession to the borrower – for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty – that the lender would not otherwise consider.
It becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization.
The disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.
The purchase or origination of a financial asset at a deep discount that reflects the incurred credit losses.

It may not be possible to identify a single discrete event. Instead, the combined effect of several events may cause financial assets to become credit-impaired.
The definition of impaired financial assets in the Group is aligned with the definition of default explained in the above paragraphs.

Significant increase in credit risk

The objective of the impairment requirements is to recognize lifetime expected credit losses for financial instruments for which there have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition considering all reasonable and supportable information, including that which is forward-looking.
The model developed by the Group for assessing the significant increase in credit risk has a two-prong approach that is applied globally, although the specific characteristics of each geographic area are respected:

Quantitative criterion: the Group uses a quantitative analysis based on comparing the current expected probability of default over the life of the transaction with the original adjusted expected probability of default, so that both values are comparable in terms of expected default probability for their residual life. The thresholds used for considering a significant increase in risk take into account special cases according to geographic areas and portfolios. Depending on the age of transactions at the time of implementation of the standard, some simplifications were made to compare the probabilities of default between the current and the initial moment, based on the best information available at that moment.
Qualitative criterion: most indicators for detecting significant risk increase are included in the Group's systems through rating/scoring systems or macroeconomic scenarios, so the quantitative analysis covers the majority of circumstances. The Group will use additional qualitative criteria when it considers it necessary to include circumstances that are not reflected in the rating/score systems or macroeconomic scenarios used.

Additionally, instruments under one of the following circumstances are considered Stage 2:

More than 30 days past due. According to IFRS 9, default of more than 30 days is a presumption that can be rebutted in those cases in which the entity considers, based on reasonable and documented information, that such non-payment does not represent a significant increase in risk. As of December 31, 2019, the Group has not considered periods higher than 30 days for any of the significant portfolios.
Watch list: They are subject to special watch by the Risk units because they show negative signs in their credit quality, even though there may be no objective evidence of impairment.
Refinance or restructuring that does not show evidence of impairment.

Although the standard introduces a series of operational simplifications or practical solutions for analyzing the increase in significant risk, the Group does not use them as a general rule. However, for high-quality assets, mainly related to certain government institutions and bodies, the standard allows for considering that their credit risk has not increased significantly because they have a low credit risk at the presentation date.

Thus the classification of financial instruments subject to impairment under the new IFRS 9 is as follows:

Stage 1– without significant increase in credit risk

Financial assets which are not considered to have significantly increased in credit risk have loss allowances measured at an amount equal to 12 months expected credit losses derived from defaults.

Stage 2– significant increases in credit risk

When the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since the initial recognition, the loss allowances of that financial instrument is calculated as the expected credit loss during the entire life of the asset.

Stage 3 – Impaired

When there is objective evidence that the instrument is credit impaired, the financial asset is transferred to this category in which the provision for losses of that financial instrument is calculated as the expected credit loss during the entire life of the asset.

When the recovery of any recognized amount is considered remote, such amount is written-off on the consolidated balance sheet, without prejudice to any actions that may be taken in order to collect the amount until the rights extinguish in full either because it is time-barred debt, the debt is forgiven, or other reasons.

Method for calculating expected credit loss

Method for calculating expected loss

In accordance with IFRS 9, the measurement of expected losses must reflect:

A considered and unbiased amount, determined by evaluating a range of possible results;
the time value of money, and
reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort and that reflects current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

The Group measures the expected losses both individually and collectively. The purpose of the Group's individual measurement is to estimate expected losses for significant impaired instruments, or instruments classified in Stage 2. In these cases, the amount of credit losses is calculated as the difference between expected discounted cash flows at the effective interest rate of the transaction and the carrying amount of the instrument.

For the collective measurement of expected losses the instruments are grouped into groups of assets based on their risk characteristics. Exposure within each group is segmented according to the common credit risk characteristics, similar characteristics of the credit risk, indicative of the payment capacity of the borrower in accordance with their contractual conditions. These risk characteristics have to be relevant in estimating the future flows of each group. The characteristics of credit risk may consider, among others, the following factors:

Type of instrument.
Rating or scoring tools.
Rating or scoring tools.
Type of collateral.
Amount of time at default for stage 3.
Segment.
Qualitative criteria which can have a significant increase in risk.
Collateral value if it has an impact on the probability of a default event.

The estimated losses are derived from the following parameters:

PD: estimate of the probability of default in each period.
EAD: estimate of the exposure in case of default at each future period, taking into account the changes in exposure after the presentation date of the financial statements.
LGD: estimate of the loss in case of default, calculated as the difference between the contractual cash flows and receivables, including guarantees.

In the case of debt securities, the Group supervises the changes in credit risk through monitoring the external published credit ratings.

To determine whether there is a significant increase in credit risk that is not reflected in the published ratings, the Group also monitors the changes in bond yields, and when they are available, the prices of CDS, together with the news and regulatory information available on the issuers.

Use of present, past and future information

IFRS 9 requires incorporation of present, past and future information to detect any significant increase in risk and measure expected loss.

The standard does not require identification of all possible scenarios for measuring expected loss. However, the probability of a loss event occurring and the probability it will not occur have to be considered, even though the possibility of a loss may be very small. Also, when there is no linear relation between the different future economic scenarios and their associated expected losses, more than one future economic scenario must be used for the measurement.

The approach used by the Group consists of using first the most probable scenario (baseline scenario) consistent with that used in the Group's internal management processes, and then applying an additional adjustment, calculated by considering the weighted average of expected losses in other economic scenarios (one more positive and the other more negative). The main macroeconomic variables that are valued in each of the scenarios for each of the geographies in which the Group operates are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), interest rates, unemployment rate and price of real estate properties.

2.2.2 Transfers and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

The accounting treatment of transfers of financial assets is determined by the form in which risks and benefits associated with the financial assets involved are transferred to third parties. Thus the financial assets are only derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet when the cash flows that they generate are extinguished, when their implicit risks and benefits have been substantially transferred to third parties or when the control of financial asset is transferred even in case of no physical transfer or substantial retention of such assets. In the latter case, the financial asset transferred is derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet, and any right or obligation retained or created as a result of the transfer is simultaneously recognized.

Similarly, financial liabilities are derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet only if their obligations are extinguished or acquired (with a view to subsequent cancellation or renewed placement).

The Group is considered to have transferred substantially all the risks and benefits if such risks and benefits account for the majority of the risks and benefits involved in ownership of the transferred financial assets. If substantially all the risks and benefits associated with the transferred financial asset are retained:

The transferred financial asset is not derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet and continues to be measured using the same criteria as those used before the transfer.
A financial liability is recognized at the amount equal to the amount received, which is subsequently measured at amortized cost or fair value with changes in the income statement, whichever the case.
Both the income generated on the transferred (but not derecognized) financial asset and the expense of the new financial liability continue to be recognized.

Treatment of securitizations

The securitizations to which the Group entities transfer their credit portfolios are consolidated entities of the Group. For more information, refer to Note 2.1 “Principles of consolidation”.

The Group considers that the risks and benefits of the securitizations are substantially retained if the subordinated bonds are held and/ or if subordination funding has been granted to those securitization funds, which means that the credit loss risk of the securitized assets will be assumed. Consequently, the Group is not derecognizing those transferred loan portfolios.

On the other hand, the Group has carried out synthetic securitizations, which are transactions where risk is transferred through derivatives or financial guarantees and in which the exposure of these securitizations remains in the balance sheet of the Group. The Group has established the synthetic securitizations through received financial guarantees. As for the commissions paid, they are accrued during the term of the financial guarantee.

2.2.3 Financial guarantees

Financial guarantees are considered to be those contracts that require their issuer to make specific payments to reimburse the holder of the financial guarantee for a loss incurred when a specific borrower breaches its payment obligations on the terms – whether original or subsequently modified – of a debt instrument, irrespective of the legal form it may take. Financial guarantees may take the form of a deposit, bank guarantee, insurance contract or credit derivative, among others.

In their initial recognition, financial guarantees are recognized as liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, which is generally the present value of the fees, commissions and interest receivable from these contracts over the term thereof, and the Group simultaneously recognizes a corresponding asset in the consolidated balance sheet for the amount of the fees and commissions received at the inception of the transactions and the amounts receivable at the present value of the fees, commissions and interest outstanding.

Financial guarantees, irrespective of the guarantor, instrumentation or other circumstances, are reviewed periodically so as to determine the credit risk to which they are exposed and, if appropriate, to consider whether a provision is required for them. The credit risk is determined by application of criteria similar to those established for quantifying loss allowances on debt instruments measured at amortized cost (see Note 2.2.1).

The provisions recognized for financial guarantees are recognized under the heading “Provisions - Provisions for contingent risks and commitments” on the liability side in the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 24). These provisions are recognized and reversed with a charge or credit, respectively to “Provisions or reversal of provision” in the consolidated income statements (see Note 46).

Income from financial guarantees is recorded under the heading “Fee and commission income” in the consolidated income statement and is calculated by applying the rate established in the related contract to the nominal amount of the guarantee (see Note 40).

Synthetic securitizations made by the Group to date meet the requirements of the accounting regulations for accounting as guarantees. Consideration as a financial guarantee means recognition of the commission paid for it over the period.

2.2.4 Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale

The headings “Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale” and “Liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale” in the consolidated balance sheet include the carrying amount of assets that are not part of the BBVA Group’s operating activities. The recovery of this carrying amount is expected to take place through the price obtained on its disposal (see Note 21).

These headings include individual items and groups of items (“disposal groups”) and disposal groups that form part of a major operating segment and are being held for sale as part of a disposal plan (“discontinued operations”). The heading “Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale” include the assets received by the subsidiaries from their debtors, in full or partial settlement of the debtors’ payment obligations (assets foreclosed or received in payment of debt and recovery of lease finance transactions), unless the Group has decided to make continued use of these assets. The BBVA Group has units that specialize in real estate management and the sale of this type of asset.

Symmetrically, the heading “Liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale” in the consolidated balance sheet reflects the balances payable arising from disposal groups and discontinued operations.

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are generally measured, at the acquisition date and at any later date deemed necessary, at either their carrying amount or the fair value of the property (less costs to sell), whichever is lower.

In the case of real estate assets foreclosed or received in payment of debts, they are initially recognized at the lower of: the restated carrying amount of the financial asset and the fair value at the time of the foreclosure or receipt of the asset less estimated sales costs. The carrying amount of the financial asset is updated at the time of the foreclosure, treating the real property received as a secured collateral and taking into account the credit risk coverage that would correspond to it according to its classification prior to the delivery. For these purposes, the collateral will be valued at its current fair value (less sale costs) at the time of foreclosure. This carrying amount will be compared with the previous carrying amount and the difference will be recognized as a provision increase, if applicable. On the other hand, the fair value of the foreclosed asset is obtained by appraisal, evaluating the need to apply a discount on the asset derived from the specific conditions of the asset or the market situation for these assets, and in any case, deducting the company’s estimated sale costs.

At the time of the initial recognition, these real estate assets foreclosed or received in payment of debts, classified as “Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale” and “Liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale” are valued at the lower of: their restated fair value less estimated sale costs and their carrying amount; a deterioration or impairment reversal can be recognized for the difference if applicable.

Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale groups classified as held for sale are not depreciated while included under the heading “Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale”.

Fair value of non-current assets held for sale from foreclosures or recoveries is based, mainly, in appraisals or valuations made by independent experts on an annual basis or more frequently, should there be indicators of impairment.

Gains and losses generated on the disposal of assets and liabilities classified as non-current held for sale, and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale as well as impairment losses and, where pertinent, the related recoveries, are recognized in “Gains (losses) from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations” in the consolidated income statement (see Note 50). The remaining income and expense items associated with these assets and liabilities are classified within the relevant consolidated income statement headings.

Income and expense for discontinued operations, whatever their nature, generated during the year, even if they have occurred before their classification as discontinued operations, are presented net of the tax effect as a single amount under the heading “Profit (loss) after tax from discontinued operations” in the consolidated income statement, whether the business remains on the consolidated balance sheet or is derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet. As long as an asset remains in this category, it will not be amortized. This heading includes the earnings from their sale or other disposal.

2.2.5 Tangible assets

Property, plant and equipment for own use

This heading includes the assets under ownership or acquired under lease terms (right to use), intended for future or current use by the BBVA Group and that it expects to hold for more than one year. It also includes tangible assets received by the consolidated entities in full or partial settlement of financial assets representing receivables from third parties which are expected to be held for continuing use.

For more information regarding the accounting treatment of right to use assets under lease terms, see Note 2.2.19 "Leases".

Property, plant and equipment for own use are presented in the consolidated balance sheets at acquisition cost, less any accumulated depreciation and, where appropriate, any estimated impairment losses resulting this net carrying amount of each item with its corresponding recoverable amount (see Note 17).

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, during the useful life of the asset, on the basis of the acquisition cost of the assets less their residual value; the land is considered to have an indefinite life and is therefore not depreciated.

The tangible asset depreciation charges are recognized in the accompanying consolidated income statements under the heading "Depreciation and Amortization" (see Note 45) and are based on the application of the following depreciation rates (determined on the basis of the average years of estimated useful life of the various assets):

Depreciation Rates for Tangible Assets

Type of Assets	Annual Percentage
Buildings for own use	1% - 4%
Furniture	8% - 10%
Fixtures	6% - 12%
Office supplies and hardware	8% - 25%

	2019	2018	2017
Banks and other financial services	667,319	647,164	659,414
Insurance and pension fund managing companies	29,300	26,732	26,134
Other non-financial services	2,071	2,793	4,511
Total	698,690	676,689	690,059

	August 31, 2019
Profit of BBVA, S.A. after the provision for income tax	1,137
Additional Tier I capital instruments remuneration	276
Maximum amount distributable	861
Amount of proposed interim dividend	667
BBVA cash balance available to the date	6,691

	December 2019
Profit for year (*)	2,241
Distribution:
Interim dividends	667
Final dividend	1,067
Additional Tier 1 securities	419
Voluntary reserves	88

	2019	2018 ⁽⁴⁾	2017 ⁽⁴⁾
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share (millions of euros)
Profit attributable to parent company	3,512	5,400	3,514
Adjustment: Additional Tier 1 securities (1)	(419)	(447)	(430)
Profit adjusted (millions of euros) (A)	3,093	4,953	3,084
Of which: profit from discontinued operations (net of non-controlling interest) (B)	-	-	-
Denominator for basic earnings per share (number of shares outstanding)		-	-
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (2)	6,668	6,668	6,642
Weighted average number of shares outstanding x corrective factor (3)	6,668	6,668	6,642
Adjusted number of shares - Basic earning per share (C)	6,648	6,636	6,642
Adjusted number of shares - diluted earning per share (D)	6,648	6,636	6,642
Earnings per share(*)	0.47	0.76	0.48
Basic earnings per share from continued operations (Euros per share)A-B/C	0.47	0.76	0.48
Diluted earnings per share from continued operations (Euros per share)A-B/D	0.47	0.76	0.48
Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations (Euros per share)B/C	-	-	-
Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations (Euros per share)B/D	-	-	-

	2019	2018 ⁽¹⁾	2017 ⁽¹⁾
Spain	365,374	354,901	350,520
The United States	88,529	82,057	75,775
Mexico	109,079	97,432	90,214
Turkey	64,416	66,250	78,789
South America	54,996	52,373	75,320
Rest of Eurasia	23,248	18,834	17,265
Subtotal Assets by Operating Segments	705,641	673,848	687,884
Corporate Center and adjustments	(6,951)	2,841	2,175
Total assets BBVA Group	698,690	676,689	690,059

		BBVA Group	Spain	The United States	Mexico	Turkey	South America	Rest of Eurasia	Corporate Center
2019	Notes
Net interest income		18,202	3,645	2,395	6,209	2,814	3,196	175	(233)
Gross income		24,542	5,734	3,223	8,029	3,590	3,850	454	(339)
Operating profit /(loss) before tax		6,398	1,878	705	3,691	1,341	1,396	163	(2,775)
Profit	55.2	3,512	1,386	590	2,699	506	721	127	(2,517)
2018 ⁽¹⁾
Net interest income		17,591	3,698	2,276	5,568	3,135	3,009	175	(269)
Gross income		23,747	5,968	2,989	7,193	3,901	3,701	414	(420)
Operating profit /(loss) before tax		8,446	1,840	920	3,269	1,444	1,288	148	(463)
Profit	55.2	5,400	1,400	736	2,367	567	578	96	(343)
2017 ⁽¹⁾
Net interest income		17,758	3,810	2,119	5,476	3,331	3,200	180	(357)
Gross income		25,270	6,162	2,876	7,122	4,115	4,451	468	74
Operating profit /(loss) before tax		6,931	1,189	749	2,960	2,143	1,671	181	(1,962)
Profit		3,514	877	486	2,170	823	847	128	(1,817)

	Spain			Mexico			Turkey			The United States			Peru			Argentina			Colombia
Fecha	GDP negative scenario	GDP base scenario	GDP positive scenario	GDP negative scenario	GDP base scenario	GDP positive scenario	GDP negative scenario	GDP base scenario	GDP positive scenario	GDP negative scenario	GDP base scenario	GDP positive scenario	GDP negative scenario	GDP base scenario	GDP positive scenario	GDP negative scenario	GDP base scenario	GDP positive scenario	GDP negative scenario	GDP base scenario	GDP positive scenario
2019	0.96%	1.54%	2.15%	-0.58%	0.23%	1.06%	-0.60%	3.32%	7.06%	1.16%	2.12%	3.13%	0.34%	2.92%	5.43%	-7.41%	-2.47%	2.40%	1.93%	3.29%	4.58%
2020	1.35%	1.87%	2.42%	0.93%	1.66%	2.39%	-0.68%	2.48%	5.27%	1.00%	1.81%	2.62%	0.32%	2.46%	4.56%	-6.62%	-2.57%	0.85%	1.71%	2.73%	3.74%
2021	2.01%	2.10%	2.19%	2.05%	2.14%	2.23%	4.60%	4.74%	4.91%	1.84%	1.92%	2.03%	3.07%	3.28%	3.49%	2.08%	2.30%	2.51%	3.61%	3.61%	3.61%
2022	1.85%	1.89%	1.88%	2.07%	2.14%	2.19%	4.28%	4.38%	4.47%	1.83%	1.86%	1.91%	3.39%	3.39%	3.39%	1.64%	1.78%	1.88%	3.59%	3.59%	3.59%
2023	1.81%	1.85%	1.85%	2.11%	2.15%	2.17%	4.31%	4.38%	4.50%	1.88%	1.91%	1.94%	3.86%	3.86%	3.86%	1.95%	2.10%	2.23%	3.59%	3.59%	3.59%

	Notes	December 2019	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3
Financial assets held for trading		69,503
Debt securities	10	26,309
Equity instruments	10	8,892
Loans and advances	10	34,303
Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss		5,557
Loans and advances	11	1,120
Debt securities	11	110
Equity instruments	11	4,327
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss	12	1,214
Derivatives (trading and hedging)		39,462
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		61,293
Debt securities	13	58,841	58,590	250	-
Equity instruments	13	2,420
Loans and advances to credit institutions	13	33	33	-	-
Financial assets at amortized cost		451,640	402,024	33,624	15,993
Loans and advances to central banks		4,285	4,285	-	-
Loans and advances to credit institutions		13,664	13,500	158	6
Loans and advances to customers		394,763	345,449	33,360	15,954
Debt securities		38,930	38,790	106	33
Total financial assets risk		628,670
Total loan commitments and financial guarantees	33	181,116	169,663	10,452	1,001
Total maximum credit exposure		809,786

	Notas	2018	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3
Financial assets held for trading		59,581
Debt securities	10	25,577
Equity instruments	10	5,254
Loans and advances	10	28,750
Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss		5,135
Loans and advances	11	1,803
Debt securities	11	237
Equity instruments	11	3,095
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss	12	1,313
Derivatives (trading and hedging)		38,249
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		56,365
Debt securities	13	53,737	53,734	3	-
Equity instruments	13	2,595
Loans and advances to credit institutions	13	33	33	-	-
Financial assets at amortized cost		431,927	384,632	30,902	16,394
Loans and advances to central banks		3,947	3,947	-	-
Loans and advances to credit institutions		9,175	9,131	34	10
Loans and advances to customers		386,225	339,204	30,673	16,348
Debt securities		32,580	32,350	195	35
Total financial assets risk		592,571
Total loan commitments and financial guarantees	33	170,511	161,404	8,120	987
Total maximum credit exposure		763,082

	Gross exposure				Accumulated allowances				Carrying amount
	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3
Spain (*)	197,058	173,843	14,599	8,616	(5,311)	(712)	(661)	(3,939)	191,747	173,131	13,939	4,677
The United States	57,387	49,744	7,011	632	(688)	(165)	(342)	(182)	56,699	49,580	6,670	450
Mexico	60,099	54,748	3,873	1,478	(2,013)	(697)	(404)	(912)	58,087	54,052	3,469	566
Turkey (**)	43,113	34,536	5,127	3,451	(2,613)	(189)	(450)	(1,974)	40,500	34,347	4,677	1,477
South America (***)	36,265	31,754	2,742	1,769	(1,769)	(366)	(323)	(1,079)	34,497	31,388	2,419	690
Others	839	824	7	9	(8)	(1)	(1)	(6)	832	823	6	2
Total (****)	394,763	345,449	33,360	15,954	(12,402)	(2,129)	(2,181)	(8,093)	382,360	343,320	31,179	7,861

	2019
GPI	285
Average GPI	233
Inflation of the period	55%

	Gross exposure				Accumulated allowances				Carrying amount
	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3
Spain (*)	195,447	172,599	12,827	10,021	(5,874)	(713)	(877)	(4,284)	189,574	171,886	11,951	5,737
The United States	57,321	50,665	5,923	733	(658)	(206)	(299)	(153)	56,663	50,459	5,624	580
Mexico	52,858	48,354	3,366	1,138	(1,750)	(640)	(373)	(737)	51,107	47,714	2,992	401
Turkey (**)	43,718	34,883	6,113	2,722	(2,241)	(171)	(591)	(1,479)	41,479	34,712	5,523	1,244
South America (***)	36,098	31,947	2,436	1,715	(1,656)	(338)	(234)	(1,084)	34,442	31,609	2,202	631
Others	783	756	8	19	(19)	-	(1)	(18)	763	755	7	1
Total (****)	386,225	339,204	30,673	16,348	(12,199)	(2,070)	(2,374)	(7,755)	374,027	337,134	28,299	8,593

	Gross exposure				Accumulated allowances				Net amount
	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3
Public administrations	28,281	27,511	682	88	(59)	(15)	(22)	(21)	28,222	27,496	660	66
Other financial corporations	11,239	11,085	136	17	(31)	(19)	(2)	(10)	11,207	11,066	134	8
Non-financial corporations	173,254	148,768	16,018	8,468	(6,465)	(811)	(904)	(4,750)	166,789	147,957	15,114	3,718
Individuals	181,989	158,085	16,523	7,381	(5,847)	(1,283)	(1,252)	(3,312)	176,142	156,801	15,272	4,069
Loans and advances to customers	394,763	345,449	33,360	15,954	(12,402)	(2,129)	(2,181)	(8,093)	382,360	343,320	31,179	7,861

	Gross exposure				Accumulated allowances				Net amount
	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3
Public administrations	28,632	27,740	764	128	(84)	(21)	(25)	(38)	28,549	27,719	739	91
Other financial corporations	9,490	9,189	291	11	(22)	(13)	(4)	(4)	9,468	9,176	286	6
Non-financial corporations	169,764	145,875	15,516	8,372	(6,260)	(730)	(1,190)	(4,341)	163,503	145,145	14,327	4,031
Individuals	178,339	156,400	14,102	7,838	(5,833)	(1,305)	(1,155)	(3,372)	172,506	155,094	12,946	4,466
Loans and advances to customers	386,225	339,204	30,673	16,348	(12,199)	(2,070)	(2,374)	(7,755)	374,027	337,134	28,299	8,593

	Central banks	General governments	Credit institutions	Other financial corporations	Non-financial corporations	Households	Total	Gross carrying amount
By product
On demand and short notice	-	9	-	118	2,328	595	3,050	3,251
Credit card debt	-	10	1	3	1,940	14,401	16,355	17,608
Commercial debtors		971	-	230	15,976	99	17,276	17,617
Finance leases	-	227	-	6	8,091	387	8,711	9,095
Reverse repurchase loans	-	-	1,817	-	26	-	1,843	1,848
Other term loans	4,240	26,734	4,121	7,795	137,934	160,223	341,047	351,230
Advances that are not loans	35	865	7,743	3,056	951	506	13,156	13,214
LOANS AND ADVANCES	4,275	28,816	13,682	11,208	167,246	176,211	401,438	413,863
By secured loans
Of which: mortgage loans collateralized by immovable property		1,067	15	261	23,575	111,085	136,003	139,317
Of which: other collateralized loans	-	10,447	93	2,106	29,009	6,893	48,548	49,266
By purpose of the loan
Of which: credit for consumption						46,356	46,356	49,474
Of which: lending for house purchase						110,178	110,178	111,636
By subordination
Of which: project finance loans					12,259		12,259	12,415

	Central banks	General governments	Credit institutions	Other financial corporations	Non-financial corporations	Households	Total	Gross carrying amount
By product
On demand and short notice	-	10	-	151	2,833	648	3,641	3,834
Credit card debt	-	8	1	2	2,328	13,108	15,446	16,495
Commercial debtors		948	-	195	16,190	103	17,436	17,716
Finance leases	-	226	-	3	8,014	406	8,650	9,077
Reverse repurchase loans	-	293	477	-	-	-	770	772
Other term loans	3,911	26,839	2,947	7,030	133,573	157,760	332,060	342,264
Advances that are not loans	29	1,592	5,771	2,088	984	498	10,962	11,025
LOANS AND ADVANCES	3,941	29,917	9,196	9,468	163,922	172,522	388,966	401,183
By secured loans
Of which: mortgage loans collateralized by immovable property		1,056	15	219	26,784	111,809	139,883	144,005
Of which: other collateralized loans	-	7,179	285	1,389	31,393	6,835	47,081	47,855
By purpose of the loan
Of which: credit for consumption						40,124	40,124	42,736
Of which: lending for house purchase						111,007	111,007	112,952
By subordination
Of which: project finance loans					13,973		13,973	14,286

	Central banks	General governments	Credit institutions	Other financial corporations	Non-financial corporations	Households	Total
On demand and short notice	-	222	-	270	7,663	2,405	10,560
Credit card debt	-	6	-	3	1,862	13,964	15,835
Trade receivables		1,624	-	497	20,385	198	22,705
Finance leases	-	205	-	36	8,040	361	8,642
Reverse repurchase loans	305	1,290	13,793	10,912	-	-	26,300
Other term loans	6,993	26,983	4,463	5,763	125,228	155,418	324,848
Advances that are not loans	2	1,964	8,005	1,044	1,459	522	12,995
LOANS AND ADVANCES	7,301	32,294	26,261	18,525	164,637	172,868	421,886
Of which: mortgage loans [Loans collateralized by immovable property]		998	-	308	37,353	116,938	155,597
Of which: other collateralized loans		7,167	13,501	12,907	24,100	9,092	66,767
Of which: credit for consumption						40,705	40,705
Of which: lending for house purchase						114,709	114,709
Of which: project finance loans					16,412		16,412

	Maximum exposure to credit risk	Of which secured by collateral
	Maximum exposure to credit risk	Residential properties	Commercial properties	Cash	Others	Financial
Impaired loans and advances at amortized cost	15,959	3,396	939	35	221	542
Total	15,959	3,396	939	35	221	542

	2019	2018
Value of collateral	152,454	158,268
Of which: guarantees normal risks under special monitoring	14,623	14,087
Of which: guarantees non-performing risks	4,590	5,068
Valor de otras garantías	35,464	16,897
Of which: guarantees normal risks under special monitoring	3,306	1,519
Of which: guarantees non-performing risks	542	502
Total value of guarantees received	187,918	175,165

External rating	Internal rating	Probability of default (basic points)
Standard&Poor's List	Reduced List (22 groups)	Average	Minimum from >=	Maximum
AAA	AAA	1	0	2
AA+	AA+	2	2	3
AA	AA	3	3	4
AA-	AA-	4	4	5
A+	A+	5	5	6
A	A	8	6	9
A-	A-	10	9	11
BBB+	BBB+	14	11	17
BBB	BBB	20	17	24
BBB-	BBB-	31	24	39
BB+	BB+	51	39	67
BB	BB	88	67	116
BB-	BB-	150	116	194
B+	B+	255	194	335
B	B	441	335	581
B-	B-	785	581	1,061
CCC+	CCC+	1,191	1,061	1,336
CCC	CCC	1,500	1,336	1,684
CCC-	CCC-	1,890	1,684	2,121
CC+	CC+	2,381	2,121	2,673
CC	CC	3,000	2,673	3,367
CC-	CC-	3,780	3,367	4,243

	December 2019		December 2018
	Subject to 12 month ECL (Stage 1)	Subject to lifetime ECL (Stage 2)	Subject to 12 month ECL (Stage 1)	Subject to lifetime ECL (Stage 2)
	%	%	%	%
0 to 2	5.5	-	9.6	-
2 to 5	6.3	-	10.8	0.1
5 to 11	14.6	0.2	6.3	-
11 to 39	24.5	0.8	20.9	0.4
39 to 194	24.5	1.6	30.1	1.8
194 to 1,061	14.0	3.6	12.2	3.6
1,061 to 2,121	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.2
>2,021	0.4	1.5	0.2	1.2
Total	91.0	9.0	91.7	8.3

	Gross carrying amount	Non-performing loans and advances	Accumulated impairment	Non-performing loans and advances as a % of the total
Central banks	4,285	-	(9)	-
General governments	28,281	88	(60)	0.3%
Credit institutions	13,664	6	(15)	-
Other financial corporations	11,239	17	(31)	0.2%
Non-financial corporations	173,254	8,467	(6,465)	4.9%
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	3,758	154	(124)	4.1%
Mining and quarrying	4,669	100	(86)	2.1%
Manufacturing	39,517	1,711	(1,242)	4.3%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	12,305	684	(575)	5.6%
Water supply	900	14	(16)	1.6%
Construction	10,945	1,377	(876)	12.6%
Wholesale and retail trade	27,467	1,799	(1,448)	6.6%
Transport and storage	9,638	507	(392)	5.3%
Accommodation and food service activities	8,703	279	(203)	3.2%
Information and communications	6,316	95	(65)	1.5%
Financial and insurance activities	6,864	191	(140)	2.8%
Real estate activities	19,435	782	(527)	4,0%
Professional, scientific and technical activities	4,375	167	(140)	3.8%
Administrative and support service activities	3,415	118	(134)	3.4%
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security	282	5	(6)	1.7%
Education	903	41	(38)	4.5%
Human health services and social work activities	4,696	66	(55)	1.4%
Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,396	47	(39)	3.4%
Other services	7,671	331	(360)	4.3%
Households	181,989	7,381	(5,847)	4.1%
LOANS AND ADVANCES	412,711	15,959	(12,427)	3.9%

	Non-performing	Accumulated impairment or Accumulated changes in fair value due to credit risk	Non-performing loans and advances as a % of the total
General governments	171	(111)	0.5%
Credit institutions	11	(36)	0.3%
Other financial corporations	12	(26)	0.1%
Non-financial corporations	10,791	(7,538)	6.3%
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	166	(123)	4.3%
Mining and quarrying	177	(123)	3.7%
Manufacturing	1,239	(955)	3.6%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	213	(289)	1.8%
Water supply	29	(11)	4.5%
Construction	2,993	(1,708)	20.1%
Wholesale and retail trade	1,706	(1,230)	5.9%
Transport and storage	441	(353)	4.2%
Accommodation and food service activities	362	(222)	4.3%
Information and communication	984	(256)	17.0%
Real estate activities	1,171	(1,100)	7.9%
Professional, scientific and technical activities	252	(183)	3.8%
Administrative and support service activities	188	(130)	6.3%
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security	4	(6)	1.9%
Education	31	(25)	3.4%
Human health services and social work activities	75	(68)	1.7%
Arts, entertainment and recreation	69	(38)	4.6%
Other services	690	(716)	4.3%
Households	8,417	(5,073)	4.7%
LOANS AND ADVANCES	19,401	(12,784)	4.5%

	2019	2018	2017
Balance at the beginning	17,134	20,590	23,877
Additions	9,857	9,792	10,856
Decreases (*)	(5,874)	(6,909)	(7,771)
Net additions	3,983	2,883	3,085
Amounts written-off	(3,803)	(5,076)	(5,758)
Exchange differences and other	(544)	(1,264)	(615)
Balance at the end	16,770	17,134	20,590

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Introduction, basis for the presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, Internal Control over financial information and other information

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Basis for the presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements

1.3 Comparative information

Leases

Income taxes

Operating segments

Hyperinflationary economies

Application of IFRS 9

1.4 Seasonal nature of income and expense

1.5 Responsibility for the information and for the estimates made

1.6 BBVA Group's Internal Control over Financial Reporting

BBVA's INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

2. Principles of consolidation, accounting policies and measurement bases applied and recent IFRS pronouncements

2.1 Principles of consolidation

Separate financial statements

2.2 Accounting policies and valuation criteria applied

2.2.1 Financial instruments

Measurement of financial instruments

Impairment losses on financial assets

Classification and measurement of financial assets

Classification of financial assets

Measurement of financial assets

“Financial assets held for trading”, “Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit and loss” and “Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss”

”Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income”

“Financial assets at amortized cost”

Classification and measurement of financial liabilities

Classification of financial liabilities

Measurement of financial liabilities

“Financial liabilities held for trading” and “Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss“

“Financial liabilities at amortized cost”

“Derivatives-Hedge Accounting” and “Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest-rate risk”

Loss allowances on financial assets

Definition of impaired financial assets

Method for calculating expected credit loss

Method for calculating expected loss

Use of present, past and future information

2.2.2 Transfers and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

Treatment of securitizations

2.2.3 Financial guarantees

2.2.4 Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale

2.2.5 Tangible assets

Property, plant and equipment for own use

Depreciation Rates for Tangible Assets

Other assets leased out under an operating lease

Investment properties

2.2.6 Inventories

Impairment

Inventory sales

2.2.7 Business combinations

2.2.8 Intangible assets

Goodwill

Other intangible assets

2.2.9 Insurance and reinsurance contracts

2.2.10 Tax assets and liabilities

2.2.11 Provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities

2.2.12 Pensions and other post-employment commitments

Short-term employee benefits

Post-employment benefits – Defined-contribution plans

Post-employment benefits – Defined-benefit plans

Other long-term employee benefits

Valuation of commitments: actuarial assumptions and recognition of gains/losses

2.2.13 Equity-settled share-based payment transactions

2.2.14 Termination benefits

2.2.15 Treasury shares

2.2.16 Foreign-currency transactions and exchange differences

Conversion of the foreign currency to the entity’s functional currency

Conversion of functional currencies to euros

Venezuela

2.2.17 Recognition of income and expenses

2.2.18 Sales of assets and income from the provision of non-financial services

2.2.19 Leases

2.2.20 Entities and branches located in countries with hyperinflationary economies

Argentina

General Price Index

Venezuela

2.3 Recent IFRS pronouncements

Standards and interpretations that became effective in 2019

IFRS 16 – “Leases”

	Notes	2019	2018	2017
Balance at the beginning		32,343	30,139	29,347
Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year		-	-	-
Increase		4,712	6,164	5,986
Decrease:		(11,039)	(4,210)	(4,442)
Re-financing or restructuring		(2)	(10)	(9)
Cash recovery	47	(919)	(589)	(558)
Foreclosed assets		(617)	(625)	(149)
Sales ^(*)		(8,325)	(1,805)	(2,284)
Debt forgiveness		(493)	(889)	(1,121)
Time-barred debt and other causes		(682)	(292)	(321)
Net exchange differences		230	250	(752)
Balance at the end		26,245	32,343	30,139

	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total
Opening balance	352,282	30,707	16,359	399,347
Transfers of financial assets:	(9,021)	6,279	2,741	-
Transfers from stage 1 to Stage 2	(13,546)	13,546	-	-
Transfers from stage 2 to Stage 1	5,656	(5,656)	-	-
Transfers to Stage 3	(1,571)	(2,698)	4,269	-
Transfers from Stage 3	440	1,087	(1,527)	-
Net annual origination of financial assets	20,296	(2,739)	246	17,804
Becoming write-offs	(152)	(349)	(3,407)	(3,908)
Changes in model / methodology	-	-	-	-
Foreign exchange	1,611	35	16	1,662
Modifications that do not result in derecognition	(1)	(27)	15	(13)
Other	(1,782)	(388)	(11)	(2,180)
Closing balance	363,234	33,518	15,959	412,711

	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Total
Opening balance	(2,082)	(2,375)	(7,761)	(12,217)
Transfers of financial assets:	176	(227)	(1,574)	(1,626)
Transfers from stage 1 to Stage 2	126	(649)	-	(523)
Transfers from stage 2 to Stage 1	(38)	273	-	235
Transfers to Stage 3	89	234	(1,810)	(1,487)
Transfers from Stage 3	(1)	(86)	236	149
Net annual origination of allowances	(542)	(116)	(1,711)	(2,370)
Becoming write-offs	130	337	2,789	3,256
Changes in model / methodology	-	-	-	-
Foreign exchange	(30)	(18)	69	20
Modifications that do not result in derecognition	(15)	(149)	(89)	(254)
Other	215	366	183	764
Closing balance	(2,149)	(2,183)	(8,094)	(12,427)

	Not credit-impaired			Credit-impaired	Total
	Stage 1	Stage 2		Credit-impaired (Stage 3)	Total
	Loss allowances	Loss allowances (collectively assessed)	Loss allowances (individually assessed)	Loss allowances	Loss allowances
Opening balance	(2,237)	(1,827)	(525)	(9,371)	(13,960)
Transfers of financial assets:	-	-	-	-	-
Transfers from Stage 1 to Stage 2 (not credit-impaired)	208	(930)	(218)	-	(940)
Transfers from Stage 2 (not credit - impaired) to Stage 1	(125)	619	50	-	544
Transfers to Stage 3	55	282	564	(2,127)	(1,226)
Transfers from Stage 3 to Stage 1 or 2	(7)	(126)	(68)	333	132
Changes without transfers between Stages	358	(53)	(260)	(3,775)	(3,730)
New financial assets originated	(1,072)	(375)	(244)	-	(1,692)
Purchased	-	-	-	-	-
Disposals	2	3	-	110	115
Repayments	641	432	118	1,432	2,623
Write-offs	13	14	2	4,433	4,461
Changes in model/ methodology	-	-	-	-	-
Foreign exchange	(84)	72	(93)	343	239
Modifications that result in derecognition	5	10	25	98	138
Modifications that do not result in derecognition	3	(8)	1	(362)	(366)
Other	135	133	20	1,111	1,399
Closing balance	(2,106)	(1,753)	(628)	(7,777)	(12,264)
Of which: Loans and advances					(12,217)
Of which: Debt certificates					(46)

	Opening balance	Increases due to amounts set aside for estimated loan losses during the year	Decreases due to amounts reversed for estimated loan losses during the year	Decreases due to amounts taken against allowances	Transfers between allowances	Other adjustments	Closing balance	Recoveries recorded directly to the statement of profit or loss
Specific allowances for financial assets, individually and collectively estimated	(10,937)	(7,484)	2,878	4,503	1,810	526	(8,703)	558
Debt securities	(144)	(26)	6	-	123	13	(28)	-
Central banks	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
General governments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Credit institutions	(15)	(5)	4	-	16	-	-	-
Other financial corporations	(26)	(4)	2	-	-	13	(16)	-
Non-financial corporations	(103)	(17)	-	-	107	-	(12)	-
Loans and advances	(10,793)	(7,458)	2,872	4,503	1,687	513	(8,675)	558
Central banks	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
General governments	(39)	(70)	37	14	1	15	(42)	1
Credit institutions	(7)	(2)	2	-	-	1	(6)	-
Other financial corporations	(25)	(287)	3	38	227	38	(7)	-
Non-financial corporations	(7,402)	(3,627)	1,993	3,029	(228)	636	(5,599)	345
Households	(3,319)	(3,472)	837	1,422	1,687	(177)	(3,022)	212
Collective allowances for incurred but not reported losses on financial assets	(5,270)	1,783	2,159	1,537	(1,328)	557	(4,130)	-
Debt securities	(46)	(8)	30	1	-	3	(21)	-
Loans and advances	(5,224)	(1,776)	2,128	1,536	(1,328)	554	(4,109)	-
Total	(16,206)	(9,267)	5,037	6,038	482	1,083	(12,833)	558

	December 2019		December 2018		December 2017
	Main market risk metrics - VaR	Main market risk metrics - Others^(*)	Main market risk metrics - VaR	Main market risk metrics - Others^(*)	Main market risk metrics - VaR	Main market risk metrics - Others^(*)
Assets subject to market risk
Financial assets held for trading	96,461	1,671	114,156	124	59,008	441
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	7,089	24,691	5,652	19,125	5,661	24,083
Of which: Equity instruments	-	1,783	-	2,046	-	2,404
Derivatives - Hedging accounting	628	840	688	1,061	829	1,397
Liabilities subject to market risk	-	-	-	-	-	-
Financial liabilities held for trading	74,967	12,677	67,859	11,011	42,468	2,526
Derivatives - Hedging accounting	671	1,183	550	910	1,157	638

	Interest/Spread Risk	Currency Risk	Stock-market Risk	Vega/Correlation Risk	Diversification Effect(*)	Total
December 2019
VaR average in the year	21	6	4	9	(20)	19
VaR max in the year	28	6	3	9	(21)	25
VaR min in the year	13	5	5	9	(18)	14
End of period VaR	24	5	5	8	(22)	20
December 2018
VaR average in the year	20	6	4	9	(20)	21
VaR max in the year	23	7	6	11	(21)	26
VaR min in the year	17	6	4	7	(18)	16
End of period VaR	19	5	3	7	(17)	17
December 2017
VaR average in the year	25	10	3	13	(23)	27
VaR max in the year	27	11	2	12	(19)	34
VaR min in the year	23	7	4	14	(26)	22
End of period VaR	23	7	4	14	(26)	22

					Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (D)
	Notes	Gross Amounts Recognized (A)	Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (B)	Net Amount Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (C=A-B)	Financial Instruments	Cash Collateral Received/ Pledged	Net Amount (E=C-D)
Trading and hedging derivatives	10, 15	37,302	2,388	34,914	25,973	8,210	731
Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		35,805	21	35,784	35,618	204	(39)
Total Assets		73,107	2,409	70,698	61,591	8,415	692
Trading and hedging derivatives	10, 15	39,646	2,394	37,252	25,973	10,613	667
Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		45,977	21	45,956	45,239	420	297
Total liabilities		85,623	2,414	83,209	71,212	11,033	964

	Impact on net interest income ^(*)		Impact on economic value ^(**)
	100 basis-points increase	100 basis-points decrease	100 basis-points increase	100 basis-points decrease
Europe (***)	+ (5% - 10%)	- (0% - 5%)	+ (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)
Mexico	+ (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)	+ (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)
The United States	+ (5% - 10%)	- (5% - 10%)	- (5% - 10%)	+ (0% - 5%)
Turkey	+ (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)	+ (0% - 5%)
South America	+ (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)	+ (0% - 5%)
BBVA Group	+ (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)	- (0% - 5%)

	December 2019	December 2018	December 2017
Group (average)	108%	106%	110%
Eurozone	108%	101%	108%
BBVA México	116%	114%	109%
BBVA USA	111%	119%	109%
Garanti BBVA	99%	110%	122%
Other LMUs	103%	99%	108%