31. Valuation adjustments

1. Introduction, basis for presentation of the consolidated financial statements and internal control of financial information
2. Principles of consolidation, accounting policies and measurement bases applied and recent EU-IFRS pronouncements
3. Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Group
4. Allocation of earnings and the new system of shareholder remuneration
5. Earnings per share
6. Bases and methodology for business segment reporting
7. Risk management
8. Fair value of financial instruments
9. Cash and balances with central banks
10. Financial assets and liabilities held for trading
11. Other financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
12. Available-for-sale financial assets
13. Loans and receivables
14. Held-to-maturity investments
15. Hedging derivatives (receivable and payable) and Fair-value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest-rate risk
16. Non-current assets held for sale and liabilities associated with non-current assets held for sale
17. Investments in entities accounted for using the equity method
18. Reinsurance assets
19. Tangible assets
20. Intangible assets
21. Tax assets and liabilities
22. Other assets and liabilities
23. Financial liabilities at amortized cost
24. Liabilities under insurance contracts
25. Provisions
26. Pensions and other post-employment commitments
27. Common stock
28. Share premium
29. Reserves
30. Treasury stock
31. Valuation adjustments
32. Non-controlling interests
33. Capital base and capital management
34. Contingent risks and commitments
35. Assets assigned to other own and third-party obligations
36. Other contingent assets and liabilities
37. Purchase and sale commitments and future payment obligations
38. Transactions for the account of third parties
39. Interest Income and Expense and Similar Items
40. Dividend income
41. Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method
42. Fee and commission income
43. Fee and commission expenses
44. Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net)
45. Other operating income and expenses
46. Administration costs
47. Depreciation and amortization
48. Provisions (net)
49. Impairment losses on financial assets (net)
50. Impairment losses on other assets (net)
51. Gains (losses) on derecognized assets not classified as non-current assets held for sale
52. Gains (losses) on non-current assets held for sale not classified as discontinued transactions
53. Consolidated statements of cash flows
54. Accountant fees and services
55. Related party transactions
56. Remuneration and other benefits of the Board of Directors and Members of the Bank’s Management Committee
57. Detail of the directors’ holdings in companies with similar business activities
58. Other information
59. Subsequent events
60. Explanation added for translation to English

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

Valuation Adjustments	Notes	Millions of Euros
Valuation Adjustments	Notes	2011	2010	2009
Available-for-sale financial assets	12.4	(682)	333	1,951
Cash flow hedging		30	49	188
Hedging of net investments in foreign transactions		(158)	(158)	219
Exchange differences		(1,937)	(978)	(2,236)
Non-current assets held for sale		-	-	-
Entities accounted for using the equity method		188	(16)	(184)
Other valuation adjustments (*)		(228)	-	-
Total		(2,787)	(770)	(62)

(*) Actuarial gains and losses (see note 2.2.12)

The balances recognized under these headings are presented net of tax.